Bach Ma Temple holds deep cultural and historical significance for Hanoi, worshiping the sacred protector of Thang Long Citadel. Standing strong for over a millennium, amidst the city's ups and downs, it continues to be a cherished landmark in the life of Hanoi.

I. Legends of Bach Ma Temple: The Guardian in East of Hanoi

Of the numerous temples and pagodas gracing Hanoi's landscape, Bach Ma Temple shines as the city's oldest. Alongside Quan Thanh Temple, Kim Lien Temple, and Voi Phuc Temple, it forms one of the four temples safeguarding Thang Long (ancient Hanoi) from evil forces.

Numerous legends surround Bach Ma Temple, each contributing to its mystique and allure. One such legend tells of the temple's association with Long Do, an ancient deity known as the protector of Hanoi. According to folklore, Long Do played an important role in deactivating the witchcraft of Cao Bien, a General from China's Tang Empire trying to destroy Vietnam’s prosperity. In gratitude for Long Do's intervention, the temple was built as a tribute to his divine protection.

Another legend recounts the tale of a miraculous white horse that emerged from the temple grounds during the reign of King Ly Thai To. Failing to constantly build a new citadel for his capital, the king sought divine guidance through prayer. In response, a celestial horse appeared, leaving hoofprints that delineated the path for the citadel's construction. Inspired by this divine intervention, King Ly Thai To renamed the temple "Bach Ma," meaning "white horse," in honor of the miraculous equine messenger.

II. Unique Charm of Bach Ma Temple

The Bach Ma Temple in Hanoi boasts a unique decoration style that blends tradition and symbolism. Colors play a significant role, with red, yellow, green, white, and blue adorning the temple. These hues hold symbolic meaning, representing the five elements (fire, earth, wood, metal, water) and cardinal directions. Visitors might also notice glazed tiles on the roof reflecting these symbolic colors.

Stepping inside the temple, prepare to be greeted by a vibrant display of contrasting colors. Altars are often elaborately crafted, featuring red and yellow alongside black and white for a striking visual effect. The temple houses several statues and shrines, including a revered statue of the white horse – the temple's namesake – a shrine dedicated to Confucius, and a Phoenix Altar where offerings are made to honor the four seasons.

Beyond these prominent features, you might also encounter other decorative elements within the temple. Keep an eye out for a red-lacquered funeral palanquin, intricately carved stone stelae inscribed with messages, and beautiful ceramic pieces. While specific details about paint or other decorative elements might be limited due to the temple's age, the overall impression is one of rich Vietnamese symbolism and religious iconography.

These carvings showcase traditional Vietnamese craftsmanship and artistic mastery, captivating visitors with their beauty and complexity. The temple's architecture showcases the artistic styles of the 19th century, featuring a closed, longitudinal structure comprising the Nghi Mon gate, Phuong Dinh (front yard), Dai Bai (outer hall), Thien Huong, Cung Cam (sanctuary housing the statue of the White Horse God), and the communal house. The combination of stunning architectural details, including intricately carved wooden beams, pillars, and altars make Bach Ma Temple a unique temple in the heart of Hanoi.

III. Tips to Get the Most Out of Your Visit to Bach Ma Temple

For history and architecture lovers, Bach Ma Temple is unmissable. Let’s explore some tips from Tubudd for a better exploration of this sacred temple!

76 Hang Buom Str., Hoan Kiem Dis., Hanoi Daily except Monday: 8:00 AM - 11:00 AM, 2:00 PM - 5:00 PM On the 1st and 15th of every lunar month, from 8:00 AM to 9:00 PM Free entry to explore Hanoi's history!

Located right in the heart of Hanoi’s Old Quarter, Bach Ma Temple is accessible on foot or by taxi. If you travel by bus there, Bus No. 18, 32, or 34 will be the best choice, although it also requires you to walk for a short distance.

The temple is a peaceful place to escape the crowds, and the cooler temperatures of the morning will make your exploration more enjoyable.

Dress modestly. As with many religious sites in Vietnam, it's respectful to cover your shoulders and knees.

While a guide isn't essential, having one can provide deeper insights into the temple's history, architecture, and significance in Vietnamese culture. Tubudd’s local buddies in Hanoi with deep knowledge of architecture and history will become the best companion for your visit around Bach Ma Temple and the Old Quarter area. Soak in the serene atmosphere and appreciate the details of the architecture and decorations.

• Photography
  Feel free to capture photos of the temple's exterior, courtyards, and the Hall of the Horse King, but be mindful of other visitors and avoid using flash when photographing the altars.

By following these tips, you'll be well on your way to fully exploring Bach Ma Temple and gaining a deeper appreciation for its historical and cultural significance.

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